International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary
ISSN (Online): 2979-9171

Research article    |    Open Access
International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary 2025, Vol. 5(2) 80-104

Analysis of International Labour Force in Türkiye: 2015–2024

Ecehan Kazancı Yabanova

pp. 80 - 104

Publish Date: December 31, 2025  |   Single/Total View: 3/5   |   Single/Total Download: 3/5

PDF Download

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the number of work permits issued to international workers within the Turkish labour system between 2015 and 2024. The study was conducted using time series-based growth analysis, a quantitative research method. Work permit reports published by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security for the years 2015-2024 were analysed for changes based on gender, education level, sector, nationality, and province. The same data was analysed using the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) to predict the expected change in work permit numbers between 2025 and 2029. The research revealed that work permits issued to international workers within the Turkish labour system experienced a linear increase, except in 2020, with the number of work permits increasing approximately fivefold between 2015 and 2024. The forecast models indicate that this linear increase will continue between 2025 and 2029, reaching a level of 707,000 work permits according to the CAGR model at the end of the five-year period.

Keywords: International Labour Force, Foreign Workers, Work Permit, CAGR

How to Cite this Article?

APA 7th edition
Yabanova, E.K. (2025). Analysis of International Labour Force in Türkiye: 2015–2024. International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary, 5(2), 80-104.

Harvard
Yabanova, E. (2025). Analysis of International Labour Force in Türkiye: 2015–2024. International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary, 5(2), pp. 80-104.

Chicago 16th edition
Yabanova, Ecehan Kazanci (2025). "Analysis of International Labour Force in Türkiye: 2015–2024". International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary 5 (2):80-104.

References
  1. Aslantürk, O., & Tunç, Y.E. (2018). Türkiye’de yabancıların çalışma izinleri: Suriyeliler örneği. Ombudsman Akademik, 5(9). [Google Scholar]
  2. Ayan, H.A. (2018). Türk hukukunda turkuaz kart sahibi yabancıların çalışma şartları. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(1), 53-81. [Google Scholar]
  3. Aybay, R. (2010). Yabancılar Hukuku (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  4. Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., & Allen, F. (2019). Principles of corporate finance (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. [Google Scholar]
  5. Brockwell, P. J., & Davis, R. A. (2016). Introduction to time series and forecasting (3rd ed.). Springer. [Google Scholar]
  6. Budak, Y. (2025). Göçün ekonomik etkileri: enflasyon, işsizlik ve gelir dağılımı üzerine bir değerlendirme. Journal of Economics and Political Sciences, 5(1), 21-35. [Google Scholar]
  7. CaixaBank Research. (2025, January 15). A changing European labour market: The role of immigration and demographics. CaixaBank Research. https://www.caixabankresearch.com/en/economics-markets/labour-market-demographics/changing-european-labour-market-role-immigration-and [Google Scholar]
  8. Clemens, M. A. (2011). Economics and emigration: Trillion-dollar bills on the sidewalk?. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(3): 83–106. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.83 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  9. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı [ÇSGB]. (2022, 2 Şubat). Uluslararası işgücü kanunu uygulama yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. https://resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2022/02/20220202-8.htm [Google Scholar]
  10. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı [ÇSGB]. (2025). Çalışma izin istatistikleri. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/%C4%B1statistikler/calisma-hayati-%C4%B1statistikleri/resmi-%C4%B1statistik-programi/yabancilarin-calisma-izinleri/ [Google Scholar]
  11. Çelikel, A., & Öztekin-Gelgel, G. (2024). Yabancılar hukuku (28. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  12. Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset (3rd ed.). Wiley. [Google Scholar]
  13. Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. [Google Scholar]
  14. Demir, M. (2017). Türkiye’de yabancı işgücü politikalarının dönüşümü: 4817’den 6735’e. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 53(4), 1285–1310. [Google Scholar]
  15. Demirkol, B. (2018). Yabancıların Türkiye’de çalışması ve uluslararası işgücü kanunu. Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 2018(1), 421-482. [Google Scholar]
  16. Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2012). Globalization, brain drain, and development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3), 681–730. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.3.681 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  17. Doğan, V., Yılmaz, A.Ç., & Ayhan-İzmirli, Y. (2024). Türk yabancılar hukuku (8. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  18. Ekşi, N. (2016). Yabancılar ve uluslararası koruma hukuku (4. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
  19. Ergin, B.G. (2018). Yabancıların Türkiye’de çalışma izinleri hakkında kanunî düzenlemeler. TBB Dergisi, 119-150. [Google Scholar]
  20. Ergin, H. (2016). 6735 sayılı uluslararası işgücü kanunu ile yabancıların çalışma izinlerine ilişkin getirilen yenilikler. Sicil, 36, 107–118. [Google Scholar]
  21. European Central Bank. (2023, November 8). Record labour participation: Workforce gets older, better educated, more foreign [Blog post]. European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2023/html/ecb.blog231108~8a96e44be0.en.html [Google Scholar]
  22. European Central Bank. (2025, May 8). Foreign workers: A lever for economic growth [Blog post]. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/blog/date/2025/html/ecb.blog20250508~897078ce87.en.html [Google Scholar]
  23. European Commission. (2015). European agenda on migration. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu [Google Scholar]
  24. ILO. (2020). Syrian refugees in the Turkish labour market. International Labour Office. https://www.ilo.org/publications/syrian-refugees-turkish-labour-market?utm_source=chatgpt.com [Google Scholar]
  25. ILO. (2024). ILO global estimates on international migrants in the labour force. International Labour Office. https://doi.org/10.54394/ESKI5420 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  26. International Labour Organization [ILO]. (2023). Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization. 21st International Conference of Labour Statisticians. https://www.ilo.org/resource/resolution-concerning-statistics-work-employment-and-labour [Google Scholar]
  27. İçduygu, A. (2014). Turkey’s migration transition and its implications for the Euro-Turkish transnational space. Global Turkey in Europe II, 81. [Google Scholar]
  28. İçduygu, A., & Millet, E. (2016). Syrian refugees in Turkey: Towards integration policies. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(3), 59–69. [Google Scholar]
  29. Kara, A, Karkın, V., & Özdemir, O. (2025). Suriye iç savaşı sonrası kitlesel göçün kuramsal çerçevede Türkiye’ye yansımaları. Türk İslam Medeniyeti Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20(39-40), 73-100. [Google Scholar]
  30. Karagül, D. (2019). Turkuaz kart uygulaması. Public and Private International Law Bulletin, 39(2), 393–414. [Google Scholar]
  31. Kavlak, B. (2019). Uluslararası işgücü kanunu ile getirilen bir yenilik: Turkuaz kart. Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi, (2), 337-362. [Google Scholar]
  32. Kepenek, Y., & Yentürk, N. (2000). Türkiye Ekonomisi. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi. [Google Scholar]
  33. Kral, H. (2006). Yabancıların Türkiye’de Çalışma Esasları. Ankara: Yorum Matbaacılık. [Google Scholar]
  34. Lordoğlu, K., & Aslan, M. (2016). En fazla Suriyeli göçmen alan beş kentin emek piyasalarında değişimi: 2011-2014. Çalışma ve Toplum, 2(49), 789-808. [Google Scholar]
  35. Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal. Population and Development Review, 431-466. [Google Scholar]
  36. OECD. (2018). How immigrants contribute to developing countries' economies. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264288737-en [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  37. OECD. (2020). International migration outlook 2020. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/ec98f531-en [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  38. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2024). International migration outlook 2024. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/2024/11/international-migration-outlook-2024_c6f3e803/full-report/recent-developments-in-international-migration-movements-and-labour-market-inclusion-of-immigrants_d9495542.html [Google Scholar]
  39. Shumway, R. H., & Stoffer, D. S. (2017). Time series analysis and its applications: With R examples (4th ed.). Springer. [Google Scholar]
  40. T.C. Adalet Bakanlığı. (2025). Hukuk sözlüğü. https://sozluk.adalet.gov.tr [Google Scholar]
  41. Tekinalp, G. (2003). Türk Yabancılar Hukuku. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları. [Google Scholar]
  42. Tuncagil, G. G. (2017). The changes and innovations of the new International Labour Force Law. Athens Journal of Law, 3(3), 213–228. [Google Scholar]
  43. Türk Dil Kurumu [TDK]. (2025). Büyük sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr [Google Scholar]
  44. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti. (2003). 4817 sayılı yabancıların çalışma izinleri hakkında kanun. https://mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4817&MevzuatTur=5&MevzuatTertip=5 [Google Scholar]
  45. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti. (2016). 6735 sayılı Uluslararası İşgücü Kanunu. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6735&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip= [Google Scholar]
  46. Uluslararası İş Gücü Genel Müdürlüğü [UİGM] (2025a). Turkuaz Kart. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/uigm/yabancistatuleri/turkuaz-kart-sahipleri [Google Scholar]
  47. Uluslararası İş Gücü Genel Müdürlüğü [UİGM] (2025b). Türk vatandaşlarına hasredilen meslekler. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/uigm/calisma-izni/turk-vatandaslarina-hasredilen-meslekler [Google Scholar]
  48. Yılmaz, M. (2017). Türk yabancılar hukukunda yabancıların çalışma izinleri. İstanbul: On İki Levha Yayıncılık. [Google Scholar]
Meta
Vol. 5 (2)
Download
Metric
History
Related

Volume 5 Issue 2

December 2025

All Manuscript

International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary

Copyright © 2026 International Journal of the Pursuit of Excellence in Interdisciplinary.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. CC BY
All elements of this website were created using the BOQ™ - Intelligent Webverse System.